Because of the risk of rapid enlargement of some hemangiomas, early treatment is recommended in patients with functionally or cosmetically compromising lesions. A port wine stain usually appears on the face but can affect other areas of the body. It’s a smooth, flat, pink, red or purple patch on a newborn that may get darker and raised or bumpy over time. 19 Although 75 percent of patients treated with the Nd:YAG laser exhibit dramatic regression of deep or mixed hemangiomas, scar formation with this laser is more frequent than with the FPDL since this laser penetrates deeper into the skin. Overview What is a port wine stain A port wine stain is a permanent birthmark. Although the majority of these lesions are benign and self-limited conditions, some may be part of complex syndromes or systemic disorders or may be associated with complications. Since progression of the deeper portions of a superficial hemangioma cannot reliably be prevented by treatment with FPDL, the neodynium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser, with a coagulating depth of 5 to 6 mm, is recommended in the treatment of rapidly growing mixed or deep hemangiomas. Vascular lesions, including vascular neoplasms and vascular malformations, are common in newborns 1. 6, 19 This laser also effectively treats residual telangiectasias remaining after spontaneous regression of hemangiomas. They are usually small flat patches of pink or red skin with poorly defined borders. Naevus simplex Naevus simplex is very common and occurs in about 40 of all newborns. It is the treatment of choice for superficial strawberry hemangiomas and vascular malformations, including port-wine stains and salmon patches, with a response rate of 94 percent for the port-wine stains and salmon patches, and 60 percent for superficial hemangiomas. Two common capillary vascular malformations are the naevus simplex ( salmon patch) and port-wine stain (naevus flammeus). FPDL penetrates to a depth of 1.8 mm and has a low risk of scarring. Several types of lasers are used in the treatment of hemangiomas.
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